Offshore fish farming is proposed
Congress asked to set regulations for aquaculture
Published in the Asbury Park Press 06/9/05
STAFF AND WIRE REPORT
Large-scale offshore fish farming could reduce America's reliance on imported seafood and provide new business opportunities for fishermen, according to Bush administration officials who propose tapping into one of the world's fastest-growing food industries by permitting new aquaculture operations within 200 miles off the nation's coasts.
Citing pilot projects off New Hampshire, Hawaii and Puerto Rico, administration officials said Tuesday they are asking Congress to establish regulations for fish farming, known as aquaculture, in federal waters.
"This is part of a business plan to make the U.S. self-sufficient in seafood," said William Hogarth, assistant director for fisheries with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, during a telephone news conference on Tuesday.
"We can replace imports with good, safe American seafood that's produced in accordance with environmental considerations," Hogarth said. "Right now, it's imports."
Currently, fish farming in the United States focuses largely on freshwater fish such as catfish. There also are scores of near-shore saltwater farms in state waters raising shellfish like mussels, clams and oysters. Seeded clam beds now provide a significant portion of New Jersey's bay clam harvest.
In countries from Canada to China to Scotland to Thailand, farming of saltwater species such as salmon and shrimp has become increasingly common, with much of the catch sold in the United States. Hogarth said 70 percent of seafood consumed in the United States now comes from foreign sources.
Fish farming has drawn criticism from environmentalists, however, who say food fed to farmed fish can pollute the water, create excessive waste in a concentrated area and increase the possibility of parasites and disease in farmed fish.
Ocean farming could cause "a net loss of protein," according to Zeke Grader of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations, which joined several activist groups in criticizing the proposal. Raising large carnivorous fish in captivity takes three to eight pounds of feed derived from smaller fish species to produce one pound of marketable seafood, Grader contends.
Speaking at the National Press Club, Hogarth and others on a NOAA-organized panel said proper management and the deep-water environs of future fish farms will help keep environmental problems under control, although they acknowledged some issues, like escapes of domesticated fish to the wild, can't be completely prevented.
Currently, the United States does not have a regulatory structure in place to allow aquaculture operations in federal marine waters. Hogarth said the bill being sent to Congress would authorize NOAA and its parent Commerce Department to regulate and oversee the industry, in consultation with coastal state governments and the existing system of regional fishery management councils.
Staff writer Kirk Moore and The Associated Press contributed to this story.
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